![]() ![]() Analysis of processing and polyadenylation signals of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen gene by using simian virus 40-hepatitis B virus chimeric plasmids. Identification of a sequence element on the 3' side of AAUAAA which is necessary for simian virus 40 late mRNA 3'-end processing. Sadofsky M, Connelly S, Manley JL, Alwine JC.Sequences on the 3' side of hexanucleotide AAUAAA affect efficiency of cleavage at the polyadenylation site. 3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA. Regulation of adenovirus-2 gene expression at the level of transcriptional termination and RNA processing. The pathway of eukaryotic mRNA formation. Adenovirus gene expression: control at multiple steps of mRNA biogenesis. Accurate cleavage and polyadenylation of exogenous RNA substrate. Inhibition of RNA cleavage but not polyadenylation by a point mutation in mRNA 3' consensus sequence AAUAAA. Montell C, Fisher EF, Caruthers MH, Berk AJ.Targeted random mutagenesis: the use of ambiguously synthesized oligonucleotides to mutagenize sequences immediately 5' of an ATG initiation codon. The consensus sequence YGTGTTYY located downstream from the AATAAA signal is required for efficient formation of mRNA 3' termini. McLauchlan J, Gaffney D, Whitton JL, Clements JB.Requirement of a downstream sequence for generation of a poly(A) addition site. McDevitt MA, Imperiale MJ, Ali H, Nevins JR.Mutations downstream of the polyadenylation site of a Xenopus beta-globin mRNA affect the position but not the efficiency of 3' processing. Mason PJ, Elkington JA, Lloyd MM, Jones MB, Williams JG.An enhancer-like element in the adenovirus E2 promoter contains sequences essential for uninduced and E1A-induced transcription. A small nuclear ribonucleoprotein associates with the AAUAAA polyadenylation signal in vitro. Poly(A) site cleavage in a HeLa nuclear extract is dependent on downstream sequences. Definition of essential sequences and functional equivalence of elements downstream of the adenovirus E2A and the early simian virus 40 polyadenylation sites. Hart RP, McDevitt MA, Ali H, Nevins JR. ![]() Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human adenovirus type 5. Graham FL, Smiley J, Russell WC, Nairn R.A sequence downstream of AAUAAA is required for rabbit beta-globin mRNA 3'-end formation. The sequence 5'-AAUAAA-3'forms parts of the recognition site for polyadenylation of late SV40 mRNAs. A sequence downstream of A-A-U-A-A-A is required for formation of simian virus 40 late mRNA 3' termini in frog oocytes. Identification of sequences in the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene required for efficient processing and polyadenylation. Transcription termination and 3' processing: the end is in site! Cell. Calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide transcription unit: tissue-specific expression involves selective use of alternative polyadenylation sites. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (1.6M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Full textįull text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. This observation, along with the fact that the two sequences are clearly different, indicates that there are at least two distinct genetic elements that direct efficient cleavage at the poly(A) site. ![]() There were differences, however, in the effect of spacing on the function of the two elements. The position of the downstream elements relative to the AAUAAA and cleavage site was found to be critical since moving either the E2 element or the SV40 element an additional 40 nucleotides downstream abolished function. Thus, it is concluded that a defined downstream sequence of limited complexity is important for efficient processing of the primary transcript at the poly(A) site. Certain single base changes drastically altered poly(A) site function. A series of base substitution mutants were generated in each downstream sequence. Inversion of the sequence completely abolished poly(A) site function. Chemically synthesized oligonucleotides of sequence from the early SV40 and the adenovirus E2A poly(A) sites were able to restore efficient cleavage to a deleted SV40 poly(A) site. Two downstream regions were analyzed in an attempt to accurately locate and define the critical sequences. ![]() Several recent studies have shown that a functional poly(A) site consists of both an AAUAAA element as well as sequences downstream of the cleavage site. ![]()
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